add fund_crawler.py
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# 7.多线程+代理池爬取天天基金网、股票数据(无需使用爬虫框架)
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## 简介
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提到爬虫,大部分人都会想到使用Scrapy工具,但是仅仅停留在会使用的阶段。为了增加对爬虫机制的理解,我们可以手动实现多线程的爬虫过程,同时,引入IP代理池进行基本的反爬操作。
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本次使用天天基金网进行爬虫,该网站具有反爬机制,同时数量足够大,多线程效果较为明显。
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## 技术路线
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- IP代理池
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- 多线程
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- 爬虫与反爬
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## 编写思路
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1. 首先,开始分析天天基金网的一些数据。经过抓包分析,可知:
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[./fundcode_search.js](http://fund.eastmoney.com/js/fundcode_search.js)包含所有基金的数据,同时,该地址具有反爬机制,多次访问将会失败的情况。
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2. 同时,经过分析可知某只基金的相关信息地址为:fundgz.1234567.com.cn/js/ + 基金代码 + .js
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3. 分析完天天基金网的数据后,搭建IP代理池,用于反爬作用。点击这里[搭建代理池](https://github.com/1again/ProxyPool),由于该作者提供了一个例子,所以本代码里面直接使用的是作者提供的接口。如果你需要更快速的获取到普匿IP,则可以自行搭建一个本地IP代理池。
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```python
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# 返回一个可用代理,格式为ip:端口
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# 该接口直接调用github代理池项目给的例子,故不保证该接口实时可用
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# 建议自己搭建一个本地代理池,这样获取代理的速度更快
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# 代理池搭建github地址https://github.com/1again/ProxyPool
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# 搭建完毕后,把下方的proxy.1again.cc改成你的your_server_ip,本地搭建的话可以写成127.0.0.1或者localhost
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def get_proxy():
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data_json = requests.get("http://proxy.1again.cc:35050/api/v1/proxy/?type=2").text
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data = json.loads(data_json)
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return data['data']['proxy']
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```
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4. 搭建完IP代理池后,我们开始着手多线程爬取数据的工作。一旦使用多线程,则需要考虑到数据的读写顺序问题。这里使用python中的队列queue进行存储基金代码,不同线程分别从这个queue中获取基金代码,并访问指定基金的数据。由于queue的读取和写入是阻塞的,所以可以确保该过程不会出现读取重复和读取丢失基金代码的情况。
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```python
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# 将所有基金代码放入先进先出FIFO队列中
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# 队列的写入和读取都是阻塞的,故在多线程情况下不会乱
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# 在不使用框架的前提下,引入多线程,提高爬取效率
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# 创建一个队列
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fund_code_queue = queue.Queue(len(fund_code_list))
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# 写入基金代码数据到队列
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for i in range(len(fund_code_list)):
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#fund_code_list[i]也是list类型,其中该list中的第0个元素存放基金代码
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fund_code_queue.put(fund_code_list[i][0])
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```
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5. 现在,开始编写如何获取指定基金的代码。首先,该函数必须先判断queue是否为空,当不为空的时候才可进行获取基金数据。同时,当发现访问失败时,则必须将我们刚刚取出的基金代码重新放回到队列中去,这样才不会导致基金代码丢失。
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```python
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# 获取基金数据
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def get_fund_data():
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# 当队列不为空时
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while (not fund_code_queue.empty()):
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# 从队列读取一个基金代码
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# 读取是阻塞操作
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fund_code = fund_code_queue.get()
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# 获取一个代理,格式为ip:端口
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proxy = get_proxy()
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# 获取一个随机user_agent和Referer
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header = {'User-Agent': random.choice(user_agent_list),
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'Referer': random.choice(referer_list)
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}
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try:
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req = requests.get("http://fundgz.1234567.com.cn/js/" + str(fund_code) + ".js", proxies={"http": proxy}, timeout=3, headers=header)
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except Exception:
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# 访问失败了,所以要把我们刚才取出的数据再放回去队列中
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fund_code_queue.put(fund_code)
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print("访问失败,尝试使用其他代理访问")
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```
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6. 当访问成功时,则说明能够成功获得基金的相关数据。当我们在将这些数据存入到一个.csv文件中,会发现数据出现错误。这是由于多线程导致,由于多个线程同时对该文件进行写入,导致出错。所以需要引入一个线程锁,确保每次只有一个线程写入。
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```python
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# 申请获取锁,此过程为阻塞等待状态,直到获取锁完毕
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mutex_lock.acquire()
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# 追加数据写入csv文件,若文件不存在则自动创建
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with open('./fund_data.csv', 'a+', encoding='utf-8') as csv_file:
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csv_writer = csv.writer(csv_file)
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data_list = [x for x in data_dict.values()]
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csv_writer.writerow(data_list)
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# 释放锁
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mutex_lock.release()
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```
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7. 至此,大部分工作已经完成了。为了更好地实现伪装效果,我们对header进行随机选择。
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```python
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# user_agent列表
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user_agent_list = [
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'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/21.0.1180.71 Safari/537.1 LBBROWSER',
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'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; QQDownload 732; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)',
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'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/535.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/17.0.963.84 Safari/535.11 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0',
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'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Maxthon/4.4.3.4000 Chrome/30.0.1599.101 Safari/537.36',
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'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/38.0.2125.122 UBrowser/4.0.3214.0 Safari/537.36'
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]
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# referer列表
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referer_list = [
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'http://fund.eastmoney.com/110022.html',
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'http://fund.eastmoney.com/110023.html',
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'http://fund.eastmoney.com/110024.html',
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'http://fund.eastmoney.com/110025.html'
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]
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# 获取一个随机user_agent和Referer
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header = {'User-Agent': random.choice(user_agent_list),
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'Referer': random.choice(referer_list)
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}
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```
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8. 最后,在main中,开启线程即可。
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```python
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# 创建一个线程锁,防止多线程写入文件时发生错乱
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mutex_lock = threading.Lock()
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# 线程数为50,在一定范围内,线程数越多,速度越快
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for i in range(50):
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t = threading.Thread(target=get_fund_data,name='LoopThread'+str(i))
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t.start()
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```
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9. 通过对多线程和IP代理池的实践操作,能够更加深入了解多线程和爬虫的工作原理。当你在使用一些爬虫框架的时候,就能够做到快速定位错误并解决错误。
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## 数据格式
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000056,建信消费升级混合,2019-03-26,1.7740,1.7914,0.98,2019-03-27 15:00
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000031,华夏复兴混合,2019-03-26,1.5650,1.5709,0.38,2019-03-27 15:00
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000048,华夏双债增强债券C,2019-03-26,1.2230,1.2236,0.05,2019-03-27 15:00
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000008,嘉实中证500ETF联接A,2019-03-26,1.4417,1.4552,0.93,2019-03-27 15:00
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000024,大摩双利增强债券A,2019-03-26,1.1670,1.1674,0.04,2019-03-27 15:00
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000054,鹏华双债增利债券,2019-03-26,1.1697,1.1693,-0.03,2019-03-27 15:00
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000016,华夏纯债债券C,2019-03-26,1.1790,1.1793,0.03,2019-03-27 15:00
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## 功能截图
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![](example.gif)
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## 配置说明
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```python
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# 确保安装以下库,如果没有,请在python3环境下执行pip install 模块名
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import requests
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import random
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import re
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import queue
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import threading
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import csv
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import json
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```
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## 补充
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完整版源代码存放在[github][5]上,有需要的可以下载
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项目持续更新,欢迎您[star本项目][5]
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## License
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[The MIT License (MIT)][6]
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[5]:https://github.com/shengqiangzhang/examples-of-web-crawlers
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[6]:http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
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# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
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import requests
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import random
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import re
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import queue
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import threading
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import csv
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import json
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# user_agent列表
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user_agent_list = [
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'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/21.0.1180.71 Safari/537.1 LBBROWSER',
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'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; QQDownload 732; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)',
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'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/535.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/17.0.963.84 Safari/535.11 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0',
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'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Maxthon/4.4.3.4000 Chrome/30.0.1599.101 Safari/537.36',
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'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/38.0.2125.122 UBrowser/4.0.3214.0 Safari/537.36'
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]
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# referer列表
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referer_list = [
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'http://fund.eastmoney.com/110022.html',
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'http://fund.eastmoney.com/110023.html',
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'http://fund.eastmoney.com/110024.html',
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'http://fund.eastmoney.com/110025.html'
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]
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# 返回一个可用代理,格式为ip:端口
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# 该接口直接调用github代理池项目给的例子,故不保证该接口实时可用
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# 建议自己搭建一个本地代理池,这样获取代理的速度更快
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# 代理池搭建github地址https://github.com/1again/ProxyPool
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# 搭建完毕后,把下方的proxy.1again.cc改成你的your_server_ip,本地搭建的话可以写成127.0.0.1或者localhost
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def get_proxy():
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data_json = requests.get("http://proxy.1again.cc:35050/api/v1/proxy/?type=2").text
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data = json.loads(data_json)
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return data['data']['proxy']
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# 获取所有基金代码
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def get_fund_code():
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# 获取一个随机user_agent和Referer
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header = {'User-Agent': random.choice(user_agent_list),
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'Referer': random.choice(referer_list)
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}
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# 访问网页接口
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req = requests.get('http://fund.eastmoney.com/js/fundcode_search.js', timeout=5, headers=header)
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# 获取所有基金代码
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fund_code = req.content.decode()
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fund_code = fund_code.replace("var r = [","").replace("];","")
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# 正则批量提取
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fund_code = re.findall(r"[\[](.*?)[\]]", fund_code)
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# 对每行数据进行处理,并存储到fund_code_list列表中
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fund_code_list = []
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for sub_data in fund_code:
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data = sub_data.replace("\"","").replace("'","")
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data_list = data.split(",")
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fund_code_list.append(data_list)
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return fund_code_list
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# 获取基金数据
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def get_fund_data():
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# 当队列不为空时
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while (not fund_code_queue.empty()):
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# 从队列读取一个基金代码
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# 读取是阻塞操作
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fund_code = fund_code_queue.get()
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# 获取一个代理,格式为ip:端口
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proxy = get_proxy()
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# 获取一个随机user_agent和Referer
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header = {'User-Agent': random.choice(user_agent_list),
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'Referer': random.choice(referer_list)
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}
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# 使用try、except来捕获异常
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# 如果不捕获异常,程序可能崩溃
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try:
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# 使用代理访问
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req = requests.get("http://fundgz.1234567.com.cn/js/" + str(fund_code) + ".js", proxies={"http": proxy}, timeout=3, headers=header)
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# 没有报异常,说明访问成功
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# 获得返回数据
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data = (req.content.decode()).replace("jsonpgz(","").replace(");","").replace("'","\"")
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data_dict = json.loads(data)
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print(data_dict)
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# 申请获取锁,此过程为阻塞等待状态,直到获取锁完毕
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mutex_lock.acquire()
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# 追加数据写入csv文件,若文件不存在则自动创建
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with open('./fund_data.csv', 'a+', encoding='utf-8') as csv_file:
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csv_writer = csv.writer(csv_file)
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data_list = [x for x in data_dict.values()]
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csv_writer.writerow(data_list)
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# 释放锁
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mutex_lock.release()
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except Exception:
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# 访问失败了,所以要把我们刚才取出的数据再放回去队列中
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fund_code_queue.put(fund_code)
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print("访问失败,尝试使用其他代理访问")
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if __name__ == '__main__':
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# 获取所有基金代码
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fund_code_list = get_fund_code()
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# 将所有基金代码放入先进先出FIFO队列中
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# 队列的写入和读取都是阻塞的,故在多线程情况下不会乱
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# 在不使用框架的前提下,引入多线程,提高爬取效率
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# 创建一个队列
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fund_code_queue = queue.Queue(len(fund_code_list))
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# 写入基金代码数据到队列
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for i in range(len(fund_code_list)):
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#fund_code_list[i]也是list类型,其中该list中的第0个元素存放基金代码
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fund_code_queue.put(fund_code_list[i][0])
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# 创建一个线程锁,防止多线程写入文件时发生错乱
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mutex_lock = threading.Lock()
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# 线程数为50,在一定范围内,线程数越多,速度越快
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for i in range(50):
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t = threading.Thread(target=get_fund_data,name='LoopThread'+str(i))
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t.start()
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52
README.MD
52
README.MD
|
@ -300,6 +300,58 @@ from contextlib import closing
|
|||
|
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|
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|
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|
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# 7.多线程+代理池爬取天天基金网、股票数据(无需使用爬虫框架)
|
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|
||||
|
||||
## 简介
|
||||
|
||||
提到爬虫,大部分人都会想到使用Scrapy工具,但是仅仅停留在会使用的阶段。为了增加对爬虫机制的理解,我们可以手动实现多线程的爬虫过程,同时,引入IP代理池进行基本的反爬操作。
|
||||
|
||||
本次使用天天基金网进行爬虫,该网站具有反爬机制,同时数量足够大,多线程效果较为明显。
|
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|
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## 技术路线
|
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|
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- IP代理池
|
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- 多线程
|
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- 爬虫与反爬
|
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|
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|
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## 数据格式
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000056,建信消费升级混合,2019-03-26,1.7740,1.7914,0.98,2019-03-27 15:00
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000031,华夏复兴混合,2019-03-26,1.5650,1.5709,0.38,2019-03-27 15:00
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000048,华夏双债增强债券C,2019-03-26,1.2230,1.2236,0.05,2019-03-27 15:00
|
||||
000008,嘉实中证500ETF联接A,2019-03-26,1.4417,1.4552,0.93,2019-03-27 15:00
|
||||
000024,大摩双利增强债券A,2019-03-26,1.1670,1.1674,0.04,2019-03-27 15:00
|
||||
000054,鹏华双债增利债券,2019-03-26,1.1697,1.1693,-0.03,2019-03-27 15:00
|
||||
000016,华夏纯债债券C,2019-03-26,1.1790,1.1793,0.03,2019-03-27 15:00
|
||||
## 功能截图
|
||||
|
||||
![](7.爬取天天基金网所有基金数据/example.gif)
|
||||
|
||||
## 配置说明
|
||||
|
||||
```python
|
||||
|
||||
# 确保安装以下库,如果没有,请在python3环境下执行pip install 模块名
|
||||
import requests
|
||||
import random
|
||||
import re
|
||||
import queue
|
||||
import threading
|
||||
import csv
|
||||
import json
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# 补充
|
||||
|
||||
项目持续更新,欢迎您[star本项目][5]
|
||||
|
|
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